A: Ama-sperm akana nhlonhlo. Izinhlonhlo ziyindlela yokuhlangana kwezinhlayiya eziningi (uhlobo lweseli) zikuhlangana nazo. Isiphamla yiseli esisodwa nje, engenanhlayiya.
Ingabe ama-sperm ayizinto eziphilayo?
Ingabe ama-sperm aziphilayo? Lokho kuyokw dependsa kokuthi ukuphi uchaza “okuphilayo.” Amaceli we-sperm anezici eziningana zezidalwa ezisebenzayo: azondla izukhathi ukukhiqiza amandla, azakhula (azamukele), futhi azijikeleze ngokwawo.
Ingabe isiphamla sinememori?
Kwiziphamla ezingu-588 ezifika emizilweni yokuphila, 58.6% zaguquka kwesokunxele emva kokuguquka kwokuqala okwesokudla (SAB esibalulekile; P=0.041, Wilcoxon). Ukubhekana okwesayensi kweqiniso lokuguqulwa kwesinqumo esidlule kusho ukuthi ‘memori’ yezocansi kumasiphamla omuntu.
Ingabe ama-sperm anamehlo?
Ama-sperm akana mehlo. Amaceli we-sperm ayahamba kwinqanda ngokujikeleza umsila wawo emuva naphambili ngesimo sokubhukuda. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi isiphamla sithola kanjani iqanda. Abanye abasayensi bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ngokungavamile futhi abanye bacabanga ukuthi iqanda nesiphamla anezikhemikhali ezikhethekile ezizovumela ukuthi isiphamla sifike kwiqanda.
Ukukhumbula okuningi kangakanani kusiphamla?
Isiphamla sina-37.5 MB lwe-DNA. Ukukhipha okunye kwe-sperm kuhambisa idatha engu-15,875 GB, okulingana nezinsiza ezivele kwi-laptop eziyi-7,500.
IS SPERM A LIVING ORGANISM ?
Ubani ubuningi be-sperm okungathwala umuntu wesilisa?
Umuntu wesilisa othile othile uphuma kwezinye izinhlayiya eziyinkulungwane zama-sperm. Uma ukuphakama kwe-sperm kuhlala kuncipha kuka-20 million sperm ngamunye we-mililiter, vele kukhona inkinga ekufezekeni kwabantwana.
Ubani ubuningi be-sperm okuphuma kanye?
Ubuningi obujwayelekile buphela phakathi kwe-1.5 no-5.0 mililiter ngokuphuma kwesikhathi esisodwa. Ukubala kwe-sperm kuhlanganisa ukuphakama kwe-20 kuya kwe-150 million sperm ngamunye we-mililiter. Okungenani 60% ye-sperm kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esivamile futhi libonise ukujika okuvamile (motility).
Ingabe i-sperm inezinguquko?
Ngokuvamile, i-semen inezinguquko ezingafihliwe ezivela ezinhlanganisweni zezinto ezifana ne-citric acid kanye ne-calcium. I-semen enezinguquko ezisemqoka, njengokunuka okunzima kwezinhlanzi, kungaba isibonelo sokuthi kukhona ukugula.
Yini umbala wokuqala we-sperm?
I-semen (noma i-seminal fluid) ngokuvamile imhlophe, ikhakhi noma ingwe elikhanyayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile i-semen ithatha umbala omusha. Njalo, lokhu kushintsho kwemibala akudingeki ukungathembi. Kodwa izinkinga ezithile zezempilo zingaguqula i-semen ibe mthwebula.
Ingabe i-sperm iyaguquguquka?
Imigomo yempilo ethile engcono ingakwazi ukudlulisela i-sperm yakho amandla futhi iqinisekele ukujika kwazo. “I-sperm eliguquguqukayo,” noma i-sperm enezinhlalakithi ezincane, iyaziwa ngokuthi asthenozoospermia futhi yinto evamile yokungatholakali kwabantwana kumadoda.
Ingabe isiphashi sinemizwa na?
Ingabe isiphashi sinemizwa? Izinkanyiso zomuntu azinakho ukuzinakekela izizathu zethu lapho zihamba eya kumqimba. Futhi azishintshi amaphutha uma sefika kuyo.
Ingabe isiphashi sinolwazi?
Ngokujabulisayo, abavubuzeli banalo — futhi manje bathi isiphashi ngempela sinolwazi. Ngokukhethekile, kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ukubala. Ingabe u-Alan Cumming uhlala ngempela ehlathini laseScotland? Kucwaningo olushicilelwe e-Journal of Cell Biology, (ngokuhamba kwe-ScienceDaily) abafundi babheka indlela eya ngayo isiphashi.
Yini okubizwa ngokuthi isiphashi sesifazane?
Futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ama-gametes. Ama-gametes wesifazane abizwa ngokuthi amaqanda noma izinqamuleli zeqanda, kanti ama-gametes wedoda abizwa ngokuthi isiphashi.
Ingabe isiphashi sinazo ezinye izisebenzi?
Isiphashi sinamakhasimende okuthiwa ngu-spermine okucabanga ukuthi kupunguze amagquma, kudlulishe isikhumba, futhi kusize ngezilonda zobuso.
Yini okusho ukuthi isiphashi siyobomvu?
Umbala obomvu, omhlophe noma ojwayelekile kusukela esemeni ungakhathazeki futhi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kukhona igazi esemeni. Abadokotela bangabiza lokhu ngokuthi hematospermia. Umbono we-2017 uqaphela ukuthi kukhona izizathu ezivamile zale ndawo, noma kuningi okuthiwa kuhle.
Ingabe isiphashi esimhlophe sihle?
Isiphashi esihlakaniphile, esimhlophe, noma esinebala elijwayelekile kusho ukuthi isiphashi sihle. Ngokuvamile, isiphashi esinaleli bala lebala linomthelela omkhulu ngenxa yenhlangano yamanzi. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu banesiphashi esimhlophe kodwa esinamanzi – lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiphashi esinamanzi.
Ingabe isiphamla esimanzi singenza owesifazane ukuthi abe nemithi?
Ukucaciswa kwaso kwezinqwaba zesiphamla kwenza isiphamla ukuba sibe namafu kanye nokuqinile, ngakho uma isiphamla sakho simanzi kungenzeka ukuthi unesibalo esiphansi sezinqwaba zesiphamla. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukho okwamanzi (ngakho izinqubo zokuvikela ukuthi abantu abathandani bengazali kumele zithathwe yizithandani ezingafuni ukuzala).
Kwenzakalani uma siphulula isiphamla nsuku zonke?
Ukukhothama okuningi ngeke kwenze umzimba uphele. Noma kunjalo kuthatha isikhathi esingama-74 ukuba isiphamla esijwayelekile siphuluke ngokugcwele, umzimba wenza izinqwaba eziningi zesiphamla nsuku zonke. Amadoda ahlala kahle, amasonto amahle wezinqwaba zesiphamla akufanele abe nesibopho mayelana nemiphumela yokukhothama okujwayelekile.
Isiphamla lesilisa sibizwa ngani?
Isiphamla lesilisa, noma isiphamla, kanye nesiphamla sabesifazane, iqanda noma ovum, zihlangana esisitemu sokuzala sabesifazane. Uma isiphamla siphulukisa (sihlangane) iqanda, leli qanda eliphulukisiwe libizwa ngokuthi yi-zygote (ZYE-goat).
Ukuphuza isiphamla kuhle yini?
Noma yiliphi elilodwa elakhiwe ngemiphumela eminingi emihle eyadingeka emgodini wakho nsuku zonke, akuyona indawo enhle yezokudla ngenxa yesamba esincane yamanzi asevela ngokukhothama okukodwa. Ukuyithatha futhi kwenza kube nokunyathela okukhulu ukuthola isifo esivela ngokudodana kwengono.
Isiphamla sezingane ziliphi elihamba ngokushesha?
Ikromosoma ye-Y, eyenza amadoda, inesiphephelo esincane se-DNA kunaleyo chromosoma ye-X yezingane zesifazane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqwaba zesiphamla ezinamakhromosoma we-Y zihamba ngokushesha kumamanzi amaviskasi. Amanzi angalolu hlobo akhona ekhanda lomfazi womcibisholo ngesimo semucu omkhulu.
Yini ukuthi amadoda amahle amanengi amasperm?
Ngemva kokulungiselela izici zempilo, kwatholakala ukuthi amadoda amahle amanengi amasperm kanye namasperm enezitho ezihamba kahle. Umfundiwe Rosalind Arden wathi, ‘sithole ubudlelwano obuncane obuhle: amadoda amahle amasperm aphakeme.’