Akukho kuphela ukuthi amakhwela amakhulu angakhipha amazwi angahamba kude kunawo wonke emhlabeni wezilwane, kodwa laba banyatheli basezulwini banokukhala okukhulu kunawo wonke umuntu omhlabeni: ukukhala kwentlanzi eyiblue kungafinyelela ku-180 decibels – okukhulu njengesikebhe, irekhodi yomhlaba.
Kungani okukhulu kunentlanzi eyiblue?
Noma izinkanyezi eziblue ziyizilwane ezikhulu kakhulu futhi ezinkulu, izinkanyezi zesperm ziyizilwane ezikhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nge-decibel eziqinile. Amakhlikhi awo amiswa kwi-230 decibels.
Ingabe intlanzi eyiblue ikhulu kunentlanzi yensipho?
Ngokusho kwe-BBC, intlanzi yensipho ikholwa ukuthi ikhulu kunentlanzi eyiblue. Ukukhala kwentlanzi eyiblue kungu-20 Hz kanti isithwathwa se-sperm whale kungu-10,000 Hz. Intlanzi yensipho ibhalisela ku-230 dB kanti intlanzi eyiblue ikhona ku-188 dB.
Yiziphi izilwane ezikhuluma kakhulu emhlabeni?
Isilwane esikhuluma kakhulu emhlabeni yilona elikhulu: ukukhala kwalo okufinyelela ku-188 decibels kungavamile 160km. Kodwa ngoba futhi yilona elikhulu, lokho kungaba nje 0.0012dB ngamakhilogremu okumiswa komzimba.
Ukukhala kwomuntu kungakanani?
Ukukhala kwabantu kungaba khulu, kungenzeka kugcwalisele ku-100 dB (ngoMashi 2019, irekhodi yomhlaba ingu-129 dB!) — kodwa kungenzeka ufuna ukugwema lokho ngoba ukukhala okunjalo kungadangala amadlebe akho!
Ukukhlikha kweSperm Whales Kungenzeka kube Ngu-James Nestor e-Interval
Ingabe yini engakwazi ukudlula inkonkoni eluhlaza?
I-Orcas zidlula inkonkoni eluhlaza, zibonisa ukuthi ziyizilwane zokudla zangaphakathi zolwandle. Noma izinkonkoni zokubulala zaziwa ngokushaya izinkonkoni eziluhlaza, uJohn Totterdell nabangane bakhe abanguyena abaqaphile ukubonisa ukudlulwa okuphumelelayo. Futhi basebenzise okwengeziwe kulesi simo, beshicilela izindlela zabo kwi-journal Marine Mammal Science.
Yikuphi okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwentokozo?
Akukho kuphela ukuthi izinkonkoni zoboya zingakhipha izifiso ezihamba kude kunazo zonke izifiso zasezweni, kodwa lezi zilwane ezinkulu zolwandle zenza izifiso ezikhulu kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izidalwa: isifiso senkonkoni eluhlaza singafinyelela ku-180 decibels – njengenhlanzi yezulu, irekhodi yomhlaba.
Ukulandela okukhulu kakhulu ku-200 decibels?
Ukucindezela kwenkonkoni yosperm kungu-200 decibels, iyunithi esetshenziswa ukulungiselela ubukhulu bomsindo, kusho uJennifer Miksis-Olds, oyi-associate professor of acoustics e-Penn State.
Ingabe inkonkoni eluhlaza ingakuvalelisa amadlebe?
Noma zaziwa njengoba ziyizilwane ezijulile, izinkonkoni eziluhlaza zingakhipha imisindo eqinile ngokwanele ukuvalelisa amadlebe emuntu. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu zingenza umsindo ophakeme kakhulu ku-188 decibels, okuyinto decibels eziyisithupha eziphakeme kunenhlanzi esuka ezinye izinyathelo ezingama-25 kude.
Yikuphi ukukhala okukhulu kakhulu kwamagwegwe emhlabeni?
Ingwegegwe elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, ingwegegwe eliyibhulu, ingakhiqiza izivakashi ezikhulu ezifika ku-188 db. Lezi zivakashi zingahamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa okukhulu kakhulu yilona wegegwe lesipermi. Likhiqiza umsindo wokucikicika okukhulu kakhulu ofika ku-230 db, okwenza kube yilona wegegwe elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ingabe amagwegwe angashothelele amadlebe?
Amagwegwe anezinhlobo eziningi zezitho ezifana nezomuntu, kodwa anokwakha umsindo ongashothelela amadlebe omuntu.
Yikuphi umsindo okukhulu kakhulu emanzini?
“I-Bloop” yigama elifakiwe umsindo omudingekayo phansi kwamanzi owawuqoshwe ngeminyaka ye-90. Ngeminyaka eminingi ngemva kwalokho, abavubukuli be-NOAA baholela ukuthi lo msindo uphuma emoyeni we-iceberg ehlukanisa nokuhlukunyezwa kwesigodi se-Antarctic.
Yikuphi into ekhuluma okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni?
U-Jim Fuller. Umsindo okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni uvela emihlanganweni yamaholide amnyama. Kulolu daba “umsindo” uphuma emigubheni yezimpawu zokunyakaza hhayi emigubheni yezinsimbi zomsindo.
Yiluphi uphawu olukhuluma okukhulu kakhulu?
U-Sperm Whale – 233 dB. U-Sperm Whale uyaziwa ukuthi yilona uphawu olukhuluma okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ungakhiqiza umsindo ofika ku-233 decibels.
Yini into ephayo kakhulu emanzini?
Noma izinyoka zejeli zitholakala emanzini afudumele wezikhumbuzo ezingaphandle kwamazwe, izinhlobo ezibulalayo zitholakala kakhulu kuma-Indo-Pacific ne-Australia yaseningizimu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), eyaziwa njengesilwane esiphathayo kakhulu emanzini.
Yini into ephayona kakhulu emanzini?
Ubumgifu be-blue-ringed octopus buqinile 1,000 kakhulu kunokuthi kube cyanide. Le nhlanzi encane enkulu njengebola yegolufu inamaqabunga angena ukubulala izilwane ezingu-26 ngamaminithi ambalwa. Akukho mshangazo ukuthi kuyaziwa njengesilwane esiphayona kakhulu emanzini.
Yini into enamandla kakhulu emanzini?
Kodwa inkosi yangempela yamanzini yilokhu kwelinye lamakrwele. Amakrwele ayizilwane ezihamba phambili, okusho ukuthi azinazo izitha zazo zemvelo. Azihlola amaqembu, njengamawulufu, okuyilapho nazo zikho eziphambili kwemikhiqizo yazo.
Yini eyabulala inkonkoni yomoya obomvu?
Inkonkoni yomoya obomvu inayo eyodwa kuphela isitha sezilwane, inkosi yamakrwele. Izitha ezengeziwe zezilwane zomoya obomvu ziyizimungulu zezinkonkoni, futhi zingakwazi kuphela ukulungiselela abasha. Inkonkoni yomoya obomvu iyaziwa ngokuba yisilwane esikhulu kakhulu esaphila emhlabeni.
Yini enkonzweni yomoya obomvu?
“[Inkonkoni yomoya obomvu] iyisilwane esesaba kakhulu,” kusho u-Black. Mhlawumbe ngokusobala okuhle: Noma izinkonkoni azizange zikwazi ukudiliza izilwane zomoya obomvu nezwe, kodwa zizohlola ukuzihlukanisa kusuka emvakwabo, ekugcineni zivimbele inkonkoni encane ukuthi ibe lula ukudliwa.
Yini umhlaba wenyoka yezilwandle?
Umhlaba wenyoka yezilwandle ngumhlaba wonke wezilwandle ezibomvu. Nokho, kuphela ezinye izinhlangano zaleli hlobo ezihlanganisa izilwandle ezidla kwizinhlelo zabo zokudla, okufana nemigomo yabo yokulinda, eyahlukahluka kusuka enhlanganweni eyodwa kwenye. Njengomkhathi wezinkomo, izilwandle ezibomvu zisebenza ngokubambisana uma zilinda impango yazo.
Ubani omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwesilisa nesifazane?
Ngokuvamile, amafazane akhulume ngentambo ephezulu – cishe intambo ephezulu kunabesilisa. Ukuqapha kwesifazane omuntu omudala kungaba kusuka ku-165 kuya ku-255 Hz, lapho isilisa sisebenza kusuka ku-85 kuya ku-155 Hz (bona izinsiza). Izwi labesilisa liphansi ngokuvamile ngoba ukukhuphuka kwe-testosterone ngesikhathi sokuba umkhuba kubangela izinkathi zabo zokukhuluma ukuthi zande futhi zithuthukise.