Ubani owadala inkohlakalo? Inkohlakalo yamanje iqukethe isayensi ye-18th-century treatise An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations ngumqondisi wezombusazwe wezwe lakwa-Scottish Adam Smith, kanye nokutholakala kwamandla okuhweba njengohlelo lokuhweba lokwezimali lwe-16th century.
Ubani oqhutshwa njengomqondisi we-capitalism?
U-Adam Smith uqhutshwa njengeqondisi leqiniso lokuqala lalokhu esikhundleni esithi inkohlakalo.
Lapho inkohlakalo iqala khona?
Inkohlakalo yamanje yavuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 eNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye nezitho zaseYurophu zaseMelika kanye ne-Oceania. Ukuqonda ukungaqondakali kwesistimu entsha yezenhlalo-zenzalo, uMarx no-Engels babikezela ngo-1848 ukuthi inkohlakalo izosabalalisa emhlabeni wonke.
Ingabe u-Adam Smith wadala inkohlakalo?
U-Adam Smith uhlukaniswe njengoyise we-inkohlakalo yamanje.
Ingabe u-Karl Marx yinkohlakalisti?
U-Marx uyaziwa ngezibhalo zakhe ezivumela isoshalismu kanye nokuguqula okomkhuba wokomunithi. Nokho, noma i-Marxism kanye nezomnotho we-Marx kakhulu kakhudlwana ziyachithwa namuhla, eziningi zezikhalazo zikaMarx ngakho konke kwezomnotho zisebenza namuhla.
UMLANDO WAMACWANJI – Inkohlakalo
Kungani uKarl Marx wafisa ukuguqula i-capitalism?
U-Marx wathi abacapitalist babhubhisa umsebenzi emiphumeleni yomsebenzi wakhe, futhi wamenza afake “emikhonweni yemishini.” Lokhu kokubili, kwakusho uMarx, ngeke kudlule isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi kube nokulwa kwamakilasi okusha okuzokwenza abasebenzi “baguqule ngokomzimba” abazalwane abanikazi yezimpahla.
Ingabe uKarl Marx waguqula i-capitalism?
Impendulo nokuchaza: U-Karl Marx wafisa ukubona ukuphela kwe-capitalism ngoba wakuphikisa ukuthi yilokho okubulalayo nokucindezelela. U-Marx akazange akhulume ngokuguqula kwakhe kwizibhalo zakhe, kodwa wakubona ukuthi kuzophela ngenxa yezinkinga zalo ezintweni.
Yini eyayisho uMarx ngokuhlela kwe-capitalism?
U-Marx wayihlamba i-capitalism njengohlelo olwakhiwa ngabantu abaningi. Ingqikithi yakhe yayile: noma abasebenzi benza izinto ezigcwaliswayo emakethe, amandla emakethe, hhayi abasebenzi, akontrola izinto. Abantu bayadingeka ukusebenza kwabacapitalist abanawo amandla wonke emikhiqizo futhi babambe amandla emsebenzini.
Yini engxoxo phakathi kuka Karl Marx no Adam Smith?
Engxoxo eyodwa yezinto ezibalulekile phakathi kuka Adam Smith no Karl Marx, yilokhu okungukuthi okokuqala, noma kwakwazi ukuthi abasebenzi babhubhiswa ngabacapitalist, kwakusekela abacapitalist ngesikhathi esifanayo okwesibili kwakuphikisana ngokukhululwa kwabasebenzi.
Nguweyiphi iminyaka yokudalwa kwemvelo?
Ukuphila okusha kwezomnotho kuphela kwavela eminyakeni eyisisekelo yasendulo phakathi kweminyaka engu-16 kanye ne-18, ngokumiswa kwemvelo noma imvelo yabathengisi.
Ingabe u-England wadalwa imvelo?
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-16 kuya ku-18 e-England, ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi ephakeme, njengoba izindustri zokukhwezwa kwamandla, kwavela ohlelweni lapho kwakugcwaliswa imali ukuthi kube nokwanda kwezokwakha—imvelo, ngokwezinye izindlela.
Yini enzeka ukudalwa kwemvelo?
Ukudalwa kwemvelo kwaba ngumbono mayelana nokuthi izwe lisebenza kanjani. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu futhi kwakubaluleke kakhulu – kwakunikeza incazelo yokuthi imali isebenza kanjani futhi kwakukhuthaza ukuthi ukubuyisela imali engenayo kumkhiqizo kuzuzwa ukukhula okusheshayo kwezomnotho.
Ingabe amaDutch wadalwa imvelo?
Amazwe eNetherlands ayeyinyanga yokuqala yemvelo ezinsukwini zasendulo, zinika izinsuku zokugcwaliswa kwamaDutch zasendulo ngakho zinika isikhathi eside sokukhula kwezomnotho eYurophu.
Ubani oyise wezomnotho wezomnotho?
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776. U-Adam Smith wayengumongameli wezomnotho wezomnotho. Ukuthi abantu babezizwa ngokwabo kodwa uma wonke umuntu efuna ukugcwaliswa kwakhe / okwakhe, izidingo zezomnotho zephakeme zonke zizobe zisebenza.
Yini ephikisayo kwamabhizinisi?
Kwezomnotho zomphakathi, umbuso ubhekene nokulawula izindleko ezinkulu zokukhiqiza. Ezinye izinhlelo zezomnotho zomphakathi, izikhungo zezisebenzi ziyazisebenza nokuphatha izindleko eziphambili zokukhiqiza.
Ngubani abacabangi abalwandle kwezamabhizinisi?
Abacwaningi bomthetho wezombusazwe abadala Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Jean-Baptiste Say, noJohn Stuart Mill baphrinta ukuhlaziywa kokukhiqiza, ukwabelana, nokushintshana kwamathuluzi kwizomnotho zamabhizinisi okusuka ngaleso sikhathi kufakazelwe isifundo kubaningi abacwaningi bamanye amazwe.
Ungabe uKarl Marx wumthetho wezomnotho zomphakathi?
Ukuzalwa kukaKarl Marx, umcabangi wezombusazwe weJalimane nomcwaningi wezomnotho ongazalwa ukuba omunye wabacabangi abalwandle kwezomnotho zomphakathi emlando.
Ngubani owazalwa phambi kwakhe uAdam Smith noma uKarl Marx?
UAdam Smith wazalwa eScotland ngezinye zonyaka we-1720, futhi uchazwa njengoyise wezomnotho zamanye amazwe. Wahamba eYunivesithi eGlasgow, eScotland, waphatha izinhlelo ezithuthukisa ukucabanga kwabezomnotho kwamanje. Wafela ngo-1790. U-Karl Marx wazalwa ngo-1818, emndenini ogqamile futhi ofundile eJalimane.
Ingabe inqubo yaseMarxist yifanayo nesomnotho zomphakathi?
Ingabe iMarxism yinto efana nesomnotho zomphakathi? I-Marxism yinqubo yokucabanga, ngakho-ke isomnotho zomphakathi yinhlelo yokuphatha kahulumeni esekelwe ezimiso ze-Marxism. UMarx wazibona isizwe lapho abasebenzi babezilawule izindleko zokukhiqiza. Kwezomnotho zomphakathi zomhlaba wonke, izinhlelo zokuphatha zikulawula izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ungabe ngani uKarl Marx esaba inkohlakalo?
Wazizwa nje ukuthi inkohlakalo yezimali iqhutshwa wonke umuntu ukuba abe nemininingwane yezimali emaphakathi komsebenzi wabo, ukuze bangazi ukwazi ukuba nomsebenzi oqotho, omqondile.
Ngabe uMarx wacabanga ukuthi inkohlakalo ayilungile?
Ngokufunda kukaWood, uMarx akasho noma akucabangi ukuthi inkohlakalo yezimali yona ayilungile, ngoba ethatha imithetho (izakhiwo) esiyisebenzisa ukulungisa nokuhlola ukulungile ukuba ngaphakathi kwalo hlelo lokusebenza.